What is the capital of Canada?
Who is Canada's head of state?
When did Canada become a country?
How many provinces and territories make up Canada?
What are the official languages of Canada?
Who were the first peoples of Canada?
Who is the head of government in Canada?
Which of these is Canada's longest river?
What is Canada's national symbol?
Who was the first Prime Minister of Canada?
Which Canadian province is the largest by area?
What is Canada's national anthem?
Which document, signed in 1982, repatriated Canada's Constitution?
What is Canada's system of government called?
What is Canada's national winter sport?
Which Indigenous group traditionally lives in the Arctic regions of Canada?
Who are the Métis?
What was the purpose of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada?
Totem poles are most strongly associated with which region's First Nations?
Which European explorer claimed land for France in 1534 and named the region 'Canada'?
Who founded Quebec City in 1608?
On what battlefield was New France effectively lost to the British in 1759?
Who were the United Empire Loyalists?
Against which country did Canada (then a British colony) defend itself during the War of 1812?
What was the British North America Act?
Which three colonies joined together at Confederation in 1867?
Who, along with John A. Macdonald, is considered a leading Father of Confederation from Quebec?
Which province was the last to join Confederation, in 1949?
What event in 1917 is often described as the moment Canada 'came of age' as a nation?
On D-Day (June 6, 1944), Canadian forces landed on which beach in Normandy?
Which document, added to the Constitution in 1982, guarantees fundamental freedoms in Canada?
Lester B. Pearson won the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize for proposing what?
What are the three branches of Parliament in Canada?
Members of the Canadian Senate are:
Which level of government is responsible for education in Canada?
What does the Governor General do in Canada?
What is a 'riding' in Canadian politics?
What is the capital of the province of British Columbia?
Which territory was created in 1999 as a homeland for the Inuit?
Which province is known as Canada's main French-speaking province?
Which province is famous for the red soil and the novel 'Anne of Green Gables'?
Which three oceans border Canada?
What is Canada's highest mountain?
What is Canada's national motto?
Why is Terry Fox remembered in Canada?
Which of the following is one of the sources of Canadian law?
Canada's tradition of ordered liberty dates back to the signing of Magna Carta in England. In what year was it signed?
Magna Carta is also known as what?
Which of these is one of the fundamental freedoms that Canadians enjoy?
Freedom of speech and of the press is part of which fundamental freedom?
What is habeas corpus?
Where does habeas corpus come from?
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms begins by stating that Canada is founded upon principles that recognize what?
Under the Charter, what do mobility rights allow Canadians to do?
What does the Charter say about the treaty rights of Aboriginal peoples?
Under the Charter, what status do French and English have in Parliament and throughout the government?
How does Discover Canada describe multiculturalism?
How are men and women treated under Canadian law?
What happens to those guilty of forced marriage, "honour killings" or other gender-based violence in Canada?
What does the rule of law, one of Canada's founding principles, mean?
Which of these is one of the responsibilities of Canadian citizenship?
According to Discover Canada, work contributes to what?
If you are called to serve on a jury in Canada, what must you do?
Why does serving on a jury make the justice system work?
The right to vote comes with a responsibility to vote in which elections?
Which of these is an example of "helping others in the community", a citizenship responsibility?
What does the responsibility of protecting and enjoying our heritage and environment ask of every citizen?
Is military service compulsory in Canada?
Which three services make up the regular Canadian Forces?
Through which program can young people learn discipline, responsibility and skills?
Besides the Canadian Forces, how else does Discover Canada say you can serve and help protect your community?
What constitutional tradition has Canada inherited?
Which key phrase from the British North America Act of 1867 expresses the commitment of Canada's institutions?
Who are Canada's three founding peoples?
From where are the ancestors of Aboriginal peoples believed to have migrated many thousands of years ago?
Through which document were the territorial rights of Aboriginal peoples first guaranteed?
During what period did the federal government place many Aboriginal children in residential schools?
What was the purpose of the residential schools for Aboriginal children?
In what year did the Government of Canada formally apologize to the former students of residential schools?
Where are Aboriginal and treaty rights set out today?
When did the term "First Nations" begin to be used?
In Discover Canada, whom does the term "Indian" refer to?
What does "Inuit" mean in the Inuktitut language?
What is the name of the Métis people's own dialect?
Which group makes up the largest share of Aboriginal people in Canada?
Governor General John Buchan (Lord Tweedsmuir) said immigrant groups should do what?
What is the federal government required by law to do regarding English and French?
Outside Quebec, in which provinces do about one million Francophones live?
In Discover Canada, what is a Francophone?
Who are the Acadians?
According to Discover Canada, Canadian society today stems largely from what?
What is the deportation of more than two-thirds of the Acadians between 1755 and 1763 known as?
Most Quebecers are descendants of about how many French settlers from the 1600s and 1700s?
What did the House of Commons recognize in 2006?
Who established the basic way of life in the English-speaking areas of Canada?
In becoming Canadian, what are newcomers expected to embrace?
Where were the majority of Canadians born?
Why is Canada often referred to as a land of immigrants?
Since the 1970s, where have most immigrants to Canada come from?
According to Discover Canada, what is the largest religious affiliation in Canada?
What does Discover Canada say about gay and lesbian Canadians?
Traditionally, the Canadian state has partnered with faith communities to do what?
Why did the first European explorers call the native peoples of Canada "Indians"?
Which Aboriginal people were nomadic, following the bison (buffalo) herd?
What caused the deaths of large numbers of Aboriginal people after Europeans arrived?
Who were the first Europeans to reach Labrador and the island of Newfoundland, about 1,000 years ago?
What is the name of the Viking settlement whose remains are now a World Heritage site?
Who was the first to draw a map of Canada's East Coast, in 1497?
The name "Canada" comes from the Iroquoian word kanata. What does kanata mean?
Jacques Cartier was the first European to explore which river?
In 1604, which French explorers established the first European settlement north of Florida?
The early French settlement of Port-Royal, in Acadia, was located in which present-day province?
What drove the vast fur-trade economy in which the French and Aboriginal people collaborated?
In 1670, King Charles II of England granted exclusive trading rights over the lands draining into Hudson Bay to which company?
What were the skilled men who travelled by canoe in the fur trade called?
Which two commanders were killed leading their troops in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759?
After the British conquest, what were the French-speaking Catholic people of the Province of Quebec known as?
In what year did the British Parliament pass the Quebec Act?
What did the Quebec Act allow Catholics to do?
Under the Quebec Act of 1774, which legal system was restored in the province?
About how many Loyalists fled the American Revolution to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec?
Who led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada?
Where was the first representative assembly elected, in 1758?
Which law divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada?
Upper Canada, which was mainly Loyalist, Protestant and English-speaking, later became which province?
What were the Atlantic colonies and the two Canadas known as collectively?
In 1793, which became the first province in the British Empire to move toward abolishing slavery?
In what year did the British Parliament abolish slavery throughout the British Empire?
What was the Underground Railroad?
Which chief led the Shawnee in supporting British soldiers in the defence of Canada during the War of 1812?
Which Major-General captured Detroit in 1812 but was killed defending against an American attack at Queenston Heights?
In 1813, who led 460 soldiers, mostly French Canadiens, to turn back 4,000 American invaders at Châteauguay?
After the Americans burned the Parliament Buildings in York (Toronto) in 1813, what did a British expedition burn in Washington, D.C. in 1814?
In 1813, who made a dangerous 30 km journey on foot to warn of a planned American attack, contributing to victory at the Battle of Beaver Dams?
The Duke of Wellington chose Bytown (Ottawa) as the endpoint of which canal, part of a network of defences against the United States?
Who was sent to report on the rebellions of 1837–38 and recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given responsible government?
What does "responsible government" mean?
In 1840, Upper Canada and Lower Canada were united as what?
Which was the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government, in 1847–48?
Who, a champion of democracy and French language rights, became the first leader of a responsible government in the Canadas?
Which two levels of government did the Fathers of Confederation create?
Until 1982, what was July 1 celebrated as?
Which Father of Confederation suggested the term "Dominion of Canada" in 1864, inspired by Psalm 72?
British Columbia joined Canada in 1871 after Ottawa promised to do what?
Which two provinces joined Confederation in 1905?
Parliament has recognized January 11, the birthday of Canada's first Prime Minister, as what?
When Canada took over the northwest from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1869, who led the Métis of the Red River in an armed uprising and seized Fort Garry?
Louis Riel is seen by many as a defender of Métis rights and the father of which province?
Who was the Métis' greatest military leader?
After the first Métis uprising, what did Prime Minister Macdonald establish in 1873 to pacify the West?
Who drove the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway on November 7, 1885?
What was the Head Tax that Chinese immigrants were subject to after the railway was built?
Who became the first French-Canadian prime minister since Confederation and encouraged immigration to the West?
Over 7,000 Canadians volunteered to fight in which war, fought from 1899 to 1902?
Who commanded the Canadian Corps in 1918 and is called Canada's greatest soldier?
On what date did the First World War end with the Armistice?
What do Canadians wear on Remembrance Day to honour those who served and died?
Who composed the poem "In Flanders Fields" in 1915, often recited on Remembrance Day?
Who founded the women's suffrage movement in Canada and was the first Canadian woman to practise medicine in Canada?
In 1916, which became the first province to grant voting rights to women?
In what year were most Canadian female citizens aged 21 and over granted the right to vote in federal elections?
Who became the first woman Member of Parliament (MP) in 1921?
Thanks to the work of which woman and others did Quebec grant women the vote in 1940?
After the First World War, the British Empire evolved into a free association of states known as what?
The stock market crash of 1929 led to what period, also called the "Dirty Thirties"?
What was created in 1934 to manage the money supply and bring stability to the financial system?
About how many Canadians and Newfoundlanders served in the Second World War?
In 1942, Canadians suffered losses in a failed raid on which Nazi-controlled place on the coast of France?
Under which program were over 130,000 Allied air crew trained in Canada during the Second World War?
In which battle did the Royal Canadian Navy see its finest hour, protecting convoys of merchant ships against German submarines?
Which country did the Canadian Army liberate in 1944–45?
During the Second World War, Canadians of which origin were forcibly relocated by the federal government and had their property sold without compensation?
The discovery of oil in which province in 1947 began Canada's modern energy industry?
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which opened up world trade after the Depression era, is now which organization?
What is unemployment insurance, introduced by the federal government in 1940, called today?
In what year were the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans created?
During the Cold War, Canada joined other democratic countries of the West to form which military alliance?
Together with which country did Canada form the North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD)?
About how many Canadians died in the UN operation defending South Korea in the Korean War (1950–53)?
What is the era of rapid change that Quebec experienced in the 1960s called?
The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, established by Parliament in 1963, led to which law?
In 1970, Canada helped found which international association of French-speaking countries?
What was the result of the 1980 referendum in Quebec?
In what year was Quebec sovereignty defeated in a second referendum?
In 1982, the Constitution was amended without the agreement of which province?
In 1948, which group became the last Canadians of Asian descent to gain the right to vote?
In what year were Aboriginal people granted the right to vote?
In 1956, Canada welcomed about 37,000 refugees who escaped Soviet tyranny in which country?
After the Communist victory in the Vietnam War in 1975, how many Vietnamese sought refuge in Canada?
The Group of Seven, founded in 1920, developed a style of painting to capture what?
Which artist painted the forests and Aboriginal artifacts of the West Coast?
Who pioneered modern Inuit art with etchings, prints and soapstone sculptures?
Which sport was invented by Canadian James Naismith in 1891?
At the 1996 Olympic Summer Games, which Canadian became a world record sprinter and double Olympic gold medallist?
Wayne Gretzky, one of the greatest hockey players of all time, played for which team from 1979 to 1988?
In 1985, Rick Hansen circled the globe in a wheelchair to raise funds for what?
In 1972, Paul Henderson scored "the goal heard around the world" for Canada in which event?
Professional teams in the Canadian Football League (CFL) compete for which championship trophy?
What did Sir Frederick Banting of Toronto and Charles Best discover?
Who hit on the idea of the telephone at his summer house in Canada?
What did Joseph-Armand Bombardier invent?
What did Sir Sandford Fleming invent?
Who invented the first cardiac pacemaker?
What is the Canadarm, invented by SPAR Aerospace and the National Research Council?
Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie of Research in Motion (RIM) are known for which famous invention?
Mathew Evans and Henry Woodward invented the first electric light bulb and later sold the patent to whom?
For how long has the Crown been a symbol of the state in Canada?
In what year was the new Canadian flag raised for the first time?
The red-white-red pattern of the Canadian flag comes from the flag of which institution?
What is Canada's official Royal Flag?
Which flag served as the Canadian flag for about 100 years?
Who adopted maple leaves as a symbol in the 1700s?
For more than a thousand years, the fleur-de-lys (lily flower) was the symbol of what?
Besides red maple leaves, the Canadian coat of arms contains symbols of which countries?
When did Canada adopt an official coat of arms and a national motto?
After the Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings was destroyed by fire in 1916, which part of the original building remained?
The Peace Tower on Parliament Hill was completed in 1927 in memory of what?
The National Hockey League plays for which championship trophy, donated by Lord Stanley in 1892?
The Clarkson Cup, established in 2005 by Governor General Adrienne Clarkson, is awarded for what?
Curling, a popular ice game in Canada, was introduced by whom?
Which ancient sport, first played by Aboriginals, is Canada's official summer sport?
Which game has the most registered players of any game in Canada?
On which Canadian coin can the beaver be seen?
Which of these is one of the three main objectives of the Official Languages Act (1969)?
In what year was O Canada proclaimed as the National Anthem?
Which anthem can be played or sung on any occasion when Canadians wish to honour the Sovereign?
In what year did Canada start its own honours system with the Order of Canada?
What is the highest honour available to Canadians?
Who was the first Canadian to be awarded the Victoria Cross?
On what date is Canada Day?
Which holiday is celebrated in Quebec on June 24, the Feast of St. John the Baptist?
When is Victoria Day, the Sovereign's Birthday, celebrated?
The responsibilities of the federal and provincial governments were defined in 1867 in the British North America Act. What is this Act called today?
Which level of government is responsible for national defence and foreign policy?
Which of the following is a responsibility of the federal government?
Which of the following is a responsibility of the provinces?
Over which two areas do the federal government and the provinces share jurisdiction?
Which level of government is responsible for municipal government?
According to Discover Canada, what does federalism allow the provinces to do?
How does Discover Canada describe the three northern territories?
In Canada's parliamentary democracy, what are the elected representatives responsible for?
What do provincial legislatures comprise?
In the federal government, who selects the Cabinet ministers?
Until what age do senators serve?
In Parliament, what is a bill?
What must happen before a bill can become law in Canada?
Who grants royal assent to bills in the federal Parliament?
What happens at the committee stage of a bill?
What happens at the second reading of a bill?
As a constitutional monarchy, Canada's hereditary Sovereign reigns in accordance with what?
What kind of role does the Sovereign play as part of Parliament?
The Sovereign links Canada to other nations as the Head of which organization?
For how long is the Governor General usually appointed?
Who appoints the Governor General?
Who represents the Sovereign in each of the ten provinces?
Who appoints a province's Lieutenant Governor?
What are the three branches of government in Canada?
Depending on the province or territory, members of the provincial or territorial legislature may be called:
In each province, the Premier has a role similar to that of whom?
In the three territories, who represents the federal government and plays a ceremonial role?
Which branch of government includes the Prime Minister and the Cabinet?
Members of the House of Commons are also known as what?
Under Canada's fixed-date election law, on which day is a federal election scheduled, four years after the last general election?
Who may ask the Governor General to call an election earlier than the fixed date?
How many members of Parliament do the citizens of each electoral district elect?
Who may run as a candidate in a federal election?
In a federal election, which candidate becomes the MP for an electoral district?
Who is eligible to vote in a federal election?
Which neutral agency of Parliament produces the voters' lists used in federal elections?
What does the voter information card that Elections Canada mails to electors tell you?
If you are not on the voters' list or did not receive a voter information card, when can you still be added to the voters' list?
Under the right to a secret ballot, who has the right to insist that you tell them how you voted?
After an election, who is ordinarily invited by the Governor General to form the government?
What is a majority government?
What is a minority government?
Which vote in the House of Commons does Discover Canada give as an example of a matter of confidence?
If a majority of the House of Commons votes against a major government decision, what usually happens?
Who is responsible for running the federal government departments?
Who prepares the federal budget and proposes most new laws?
What is the Official Opposition?
According to Discover Canada, what is the role of opposition parties?
If you cannot or do not wish to vote on election day, how can you vote?
On election day, what should you bring to the polling station?
How do you mark your ballot in a federal election?
What are the laws passed by a municipal council called?
Who is the head of a municipal government?
Which of these is normally a responsibility of municipal governments?
Who has major responsibilities on First Nations reserves, including housing and schools?
Canada's judicial system is founded on the presumption of innocence in criminal matters. What does this mean?
What is "due process" in Canada's legal system?
In Discover Canada, what does the blindfolded Lady Justice at the Vancouver Law Courts symbolize?
In Canada's system of laws, what is the role of the courts?
What is the highest court in Canada?
Which court deals with matters concerning the federal government?
What kind of cases do small claims courts handle?
Which two provinces have their own provincial police forces?
Which police force enforces federal laws throughout Canada?
If you have concerns about the service or conduct of the police, what can you do?
If you cannot pay for a lawyer, what is available in most communities?
In 1988, Canada enacted free trade with which country?
Which country became a partner in 1994 in the broader North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
What are the three main types of industries in Canada's economy?
According to Discover Canada, what share of working Canadians now have jobs in service industries?
Which of these is a natural resources industry, according to Discover Canada?
The Canada–U.S. border is traditionally known as what?
Where is the Peace Arch, which symbolizes the close ties between Canada and the United States?
Which words are inscribed on the Peace Arch at the Canada–U.S. border?
According to Discover Canada, a large percentage of Canada's exports are what?
In terms of size, where does Canada rank among the countries of the world?
How many distinct regions does Canada have, according to Discover Canada?
Who chose Ottawa as the capital in 1857?
On which river is Ottawa, the capital of Canada, located?
What is the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador?
What is the capital of Prince Edward Island?
What is the capital of Nova Scotia?
What is the capital of New Brunswick?
What is the capital of Quebec?
What is the capital of Ontario?
What is the capital of Manitoba?
What is the capital of Saskatchewan?
What is the capital of Alberta?
What is the capital of Nunavut?
What is the capital of the Northwest Territories?
What is the capital of Yukon?
Which provinces are the Prairie Provinces?
Which of these provinces is NOT one of the Atlantic Provinces?
Which province is the most easterly point in North America and has its own time zone?
Which is the smallest province in Canada?
What connects Prince Edward Island to mainland Canada?
Where are the world's highest tides found?
Which is the most populous Atlantic Province?
Which city is home to Canada's largest naval base?
Which is the only officially bilingual province?
Who founded the province of New Brunswick?
Where do more than half the people in Canada live?
Which province is Canada's largest producer of hydro-electricity?
Which is the largest city in Canada and the country's main financial centre?
Ontario's Niagara region is known for what?
Which Great Lake is the largest freshwater lake in the world?
Which province has the largest French-speaking population outside of Quebec?
The most famous street intersection in Canada, Portage and Main, is in which city?
Which province was once known as the "breadbasket of the world" and the "wheat province"?
Saskatchewan boasts the world's richest deposits of which two resources?
Which city is home to the training academy of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)?
After whom were the province of Alberta and Lake Louise named?
Which province is the largest producer of oil and gas?
Which is Canada's largest and busiest port?
British Columbia's Okanagan Valley is known for what?
What part of Canada's land mass do the Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Yukon contain?
Why is the North often called the "Land of the Midnight Sun"?
Thousands of miners came to which territory during the Gold Rush of the 1890s?
Which territory holds the record for the coldest temperature ever recorded in Canada (−63°C)?
Which city is called the "diamond capital of North America"?
What does "Nunavut" mean in Inuktitut?
Who are the Canadian Rangers?